base on the pdf finish the problem make sure give an explaination in the t f section

Problem Set 4 Due before class on Tuesday, May 7 A. Multiple Choice (0.5 pint each) 1. Robert Fogel’s (1964) analysis of the economic effects of the transcontinental railroad demonstrated that: a) The social saving of the railroad was large and that much of the country could not have been settled and cultivated without the railroad. b) The canal and river transportation systems, in conjunction with a national highway system, could very nearly have produced the same results as the transcontinental railroad. c) The railroad was responsible for a great “take-off” in terms of economic growth in the 19th century. d) The railroad gave a huge boost to the iron industry because for a time it consumed well over 50% of all iron produced. 2. The American birth rate in 1860-1910: a) Was kept high by the tendency of immigrants to have large numbers of children. b) Increased steadily. c) Declined on average. d) Was kept relatively high because of the urbanization of the population. 3. Which of the following marked the general end of open borders in the United States? a) The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 b) The Dillingham Commission in 1907 c) The literacy test passed in 1917, followed by the quota system in 1921 d) The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 4. Which of the following is not true regarding the expansion of railroad after the Civil War? a) The expansion of the railroad system benefited from large land grants from the federal government. b) The expansion of the railroad system generated productivity gains by reducing transportation costs. c) The expansion of the railroad was strongly correlated with the business cycle. d) All of the above are true. B. True or False (0.5 point each) For the following statements, please first answer true or false. Then provide a brief explanation to your answer. 1. Ireland and Germany were persistently the most important sources of European immigration throughout the age of mass migration. 2. Although immigration appears to have had some negative consequences for the wages and employment opportunities of the native US population at the beginning of the 20th century, immigration does not appear to have those affects today, at the beginning of the 21st century. C. Short Question (2 points) 1. Compare and contrast the immigration regime of 1840-1920 with those of the remainder of the 20th century.

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