effects of impact cratering on earth

1.

watching the video, Asteroid Impacts on Earth More Powerful Than Nuclear Bomb, address the following topics for this discussion:

• Explain if such an impact can be more damaging than a nuclear bomb.
• An asteroid of 1 kilometer will make a crater of about 10 km diameter. Identify how much kinetic energy the asteroid has if it strikes Earth’s surface at 20 km/s.
• Compare the energy of this impact to the energy released in the largest impact nuclear weapons (100 megatons of energy, 1 megaton = 4 x 10¹⁵ joules).

2.

The conditions that exist today on Mars are vastly different from those on other terrestrial planets. For example, despite its fiery red appearance, the surface temperature on Mars is, on average, a bone chilling negative 81 degrees Fahrenheit. However, Mars harbors some of the most magnificent and unique geological features found anywhere in the entire solar system.

• Assume for a moment that you have been fortunate enough to be selected to brave the cold and participate in a manned mission to Mars. Which of Mar’s magnificent geological features would you want to visit first? Describe your choice in detail.

3.

watched NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope video and read the “Formation of the Solar System: Birth of Worlds” article, both about recent and future observations of protostellar and protoplanetary systems, and the ways to model their birth processes. The images depicted in the video and article literally show new solar systems in formation. Consider all of the unit’s resources as you respond to the following topics:

• Describe the significance of the discovery of these new solar systems.
• Explain what it tells us about the formation of our own solar system.
• Explain if you think our solar system is unique in its origin and properties, and defend your opinion.

4.

viewed NASA’s STEREO Web site with its depiction of a proton surge storm. It depicts the initiation and propagation of the most energetic explosions in the solar system, coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Specifically, you saw the CME event that occurred on September 1, 2014. For this discussion, document your reactions and thoughts about the proton surge storm. Include the following:

• Describe the kinds of process or formations in the proton surge storm.
• Describe the mission that provided this movie.
• Explain if you see any association with the brightening of any features on the solar surface.
• Explain how CMEs may affect your life, and life on Earth.

5.

Imagine that Earth is orbiting a red dwarf star of spectral class M instead of our Sun. Review the Life Cycle of a Sun-Like Starmedia piece in this unit’s studies for M type stars luminosity and discuss its consequences for life on Earth. Respond to the following questions in this discussion:

• How common are M dwarfs in our galaxy?
• Do M dwarfs live longer than the Sun?
• Is an M type main-sequence star less luminous than the Sun? Explain.
• Could life start and develop on this “twin” Earth around a M dwarf star? Defend your opinion.
• What kind of consequences could this have for life on Earth?

 

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